IQR looks at the middle half of the data
The IQR method uses Q1 and Q3, then flags values outside Q1−1.5×IQR and Q3+1.5×IQR. It is often a useful first pass when the distribution is not perfectly symmetric.
With very small samples, quartiles themselves are unstable. Five values and fifty thousand values should not be given the same statistical confidence, even if the same IQR rule is applied.
z-score uses the mean and sample standard deviation
The z-score path measures distance from the mean in standard-deviation units. This implementation uses sample standard deviation and flags values at or beyond the threshold you choose.
If all usable values are identical, standard deviation is zero and the z-score path flags nothing. Lowering the threshold cannot create variation that is not present in the data.
Rows that are not numeric are excluded
Blank or non-numeric cells do not count as normal or outlier values. The numeric-row metric tells you how many rows actually participated in the calculation.
An outlier is not an error
A million-dollar order in a dataset full of $10k orders may be a perfectly valid enterprise deal. Statistical rarity and data-quality failure are different things. That distinction is the reason the tool exports candidates instead of deleting anything.
The download contains only candidate rows
The result is a review list, not the full CSV with an extra flag column. That makes it handy when your goal is to hand a short set of suspicious records to someone for inspection.
Want the deeper explanation?